Radiator construction



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I. B. D. L. CHARDAHD.

RADIATOR CONSTRUCTION. PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP 19'19.

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L B. D. LCHARDARD: nAmAToR cdNsTRucnoN. APPLICATION mn SEPT. zo. |919.

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J. B. D. l. CHARDARD. RADIATOR CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION msn SBF120.1919.

Pmtnted May 23, T922.

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unirte .trarne RADIATOR CUNSTR'UCTON.

Specification of Iietters Eatent. i

ll-latented May 23, 19522.

Application led September 29, 1.919. Serial No. 325,205.

To all whom t may concern:

lie it known that I, JEAN BAr'ris'rn Dotn- Nroon Leon CHARDARD, citizenci: the Republic of France, and resident of Paris. France, (post-officeaddress il Rue Ribeira,) have invented a new and useful RadiatorConstruction, which improvements are 'lfully set forth in the 'followingspecification.

This invention relates to a radiator for motor and other vehicles,chiefly character ized by very thin parallel layers ot water, of any`desired shape, either rectilinearl or concentric, being formed in`:front oi the vehicle, between which can circulate the air produced bythe movement of the vehicle or `by a `fan, the number of such layersbeing capable of variation atthe will oli' the driver.y to suit theatmospheric conditions.

ln these conditions it is possible to standardize the apparatus.

In order to malte the 'Eollowii'ig explanationl as clear as possible,the accompanying drawing shows by way of example a radiaA tor accordingto this invention.

ln the said drawing,

Figure l is a diagram graphically illus* trating the theory ofconstruction of the new radiator;

Figure 2 is a front elevation ot the radiator;

Figure 3 a central vertical cross-section;

Figure t a cross-section of a modified method of connecting theinterchangeable radiator elements to the main collector;

Figures 5 and 6 show a second modilied constructionthat can be used whenthe space required for erecting is limited;

Figure 7 is a modiied construction in which the locking of the elementscan be effected 'from the front of the radiator.

When any existing radiators are consid'- ered.l it will be found. thatthe length ot the lfixed or detachable layers or blades varies'min eachtype of radiator. Some of them, shown in Figure l, have for Iinstance a.length A of elements, others a length B, others a length C, others alength D, etc., each length corresponding to a given radiating surface.It is obvious that in these conditions, all the radiators have a commonsurface corresponding to the cross-hatched surface A; others, inaddition to the common cross-hatched surface A, have another dottedsurface corresponding to the `difference between B and A. and so on. ltwill be seen therefore that it elements are produceh with which theradiating surface il can be ob'- tained, these elements will beapplicable to any radiators. ln order to pass 'from the radiators A tothe radiators-i3, it willbe suflicient to add to the original elements acertain number of elements.VV The same will be the case in order to passfrom the radiatorsB to the radiators C. lt will he seen, there'if'ore7that by producing unit elements, either rectilinear or circular or otany other suitable shape, parallelv to each other. it will be possiblewith a number .fr oi these elements, to obtain. a radiating sini-tacesuitable 'for any existing radiatorsg without changing the outerdimensions ot the apparatus. By adding one, two or three ot these unitelements the second group of radiators l?) will be obtained, andradiators of this kind will be :formeda again without modifying thedimensions ot the apparatus, and so on as regards the others. y

According to the characteristic 'Feature ot the invention, coolingelements are therefore formed which must have the following propnerties:`

1. These elements must be separately detachable and interchangeablc.`

2. When one et these elements is removed,

` the radiator must be able to continue to work, the connections et theelement to the main collector being closed by plugs.y lt will be seenthat owing to this arrangement., it will be possible to effect thenecessary repairs to a damaged element. without putting the radiator"out ot action. y

3. All the elements ot the series are the same Jfor all existing typesot radiators. lt therefore an element is completely destroyed andrequires replacing, it will be suiiicient to buy an clement of the typeto which the destroyed element belongs7 in order to re place it at once.

4L. Detachability oit the elements makes it possible to vary the coolingsurface to suit the temperature.

5. This detachability also renders possible the cleaning of the coolingsurface.

By way of example of a practical con struction of these standardizedelements, Fig ures 2 and `S show a radiator with concentric flatelements. lt must be however understood. that, instead ot usingconcentric flat layers or blades covered with ribs. the elements couldbe constituted by corrugated sheet metal, by tubes with or without ribsgby honeycombs etc., in short by any systems at present used.

As shown in the drawing, all the constituent elements of the radiatorare detachable; all these elements are of circular shape and concentric;each of them is substantially constituted by a chamber a tlattened incross-section so as to form a layer oit water. rlhe chamber ci isprovided outside with cooling ribs i'; increasing the surface of contactof the chamber a with the air.

Circulation of the water to be cooled in the radiator, takes place inthe following manner:

Behind the chambersl a is arranged a vertical column c forming acollector, which is common to all of the radiatorelements or chambersand which communicates with the headers (l and e. The central portion ofthis column c is closed, as will be understood from F ig. 3, the resultbeing that there are formed, in eiect, two independent or separatecollectors, one above and the other below the aforesaid closed centralportion. Each element or chamber a is connected laterally by a conduitto the upper colleetor section, and by a similar conduit 7 to the lowercollector section; the points of connection of both conduits to thecorresponding collector sections beine' arranged in staggered relation,as indicated in Fig. 2.

It will vbeseen that each element or chamber a comprises an inlet forthe water to be cooled and an outlet for the cooled water. In the centreis arranged either the head light g, or additional elements or simpleribs.

As already stated, all the elements are detachable. It is thereforepossible to remove any desired number of elements cz or to put in placeany desired number oit' these elements, according to the power oi theengine.

-The iixing of the elements a is effected in the following manner eachelement o is provided, at the top and at the bottom, with conicalbranches or nozzles which tit in and project through casings or sockets71. oi the corresponding` shape provided in the collector sections orcollectors c. A nut 'L' screwed onto the projecting end of each nozzlebehind the correspondingcollector, ensures a tight joint. It goeswithout saying` that the socket, on the one hand, and the conicalnozzle, on the other hand, are provided with openings which exactlyregister with each other after the parts have been assembled.

When an element has been removed by simply unscrewing its nuts f/, theopenings are closed by conical plugs tightened by means of the samenuts.

The erecting of the collector column is effected by riveting it betweenthe upper or hot water tank or header d and the lower or cold water tankor header c, communication between the hot and cold water tanks beingprevented by the closed central portion ot the column, as previouslystated.

ks has been just seen. the radiator com jirises a series o't coolingelements ','ormed b v smooth or corrugated layers or units. b v tubes,by hone)f'combs.y ctc., arranged parallel to each other and h aving anysuitable shape: straight. circular. elliptical, etc. the said elementscan be separately detached from the column or main eollectm. which iscommon to all oiY the elements and which takes the same 'torni `lior alltypes ol rai/.liators. The said column is riveted at its endI to the hotand cold water tanks. the orilices ot coinnnmication of each elementwith the collector sections being;` closed by means oll conical plugswhenever thc element is removed.

lt may happen that in spite ol' all (be precautions taken. the conicalnozzles mounted on the various inlerchangeable elements. l'ail tocoincide very accurately with the socl'cs of the collector. these partshaving. to that end, to be carefully o round to suit tbe lircumstances.

.lfn order to remedy the drawback in ducstion, the following arrangementcould be used:

The nozzles ot the various interchangeable elements may each be providedwith :1 por tion screw-threaded inside or outside. in order to enable asleeve (Fig. l) tobe Screwed thereon. which sleeve will be always` thesame for the various elements, thereby insuring the accurate mountinr.ot the parts on the main collector. the griinlimg` oi the sleeve and olrthe corrcspoiulingsocket ll ol the collector having); been done in aperfect manner once Vfor always.

The taper o'l the sleeve and that ol' the socket could be suitablycalculated, according as the assembling of the elements would have to bedone Vtrom the outside or from the inside.

The sleeve having been screwed on the correspondingiI nozzle oi theelement to be mounted on the collector, with the inlerpo sition at forthe purpose ot avoiding` leaks, the attachment oli the element to thecollector will be eiected as indicated in the preceding. and eachelement may be moreover considered as if the nozzle and the sleeve werein one piece. After havingintroduced the sleeves A into their sockets l.it will be suilicient to tighten the nuts C in order to ensure a tightjoint.

If a leak is discovered in one of the elements, it will be sufficient tointroduce a screw-driver or a coin into the slot D rovided on the backof the sleeve A of each of the two nozzles T of the element and to turnit through a quarter of a revolution to j or j oi a suitable packing orjoint Elli lob

1,416,9/ll l y i the lett. The openings of the sleeve will thus cease toregister with those of the sockets ot the collector, and the elementWill be theretorc completely shut olli, without it being necessary toremove it; it Will be sufren cient to loclr again the element bytightening the nut C.

ln the event oi th space required Jlor the assembling being limited andmaking it impossible to introduce from the iront ot the collector thenozzles `provided With their sleeves, the arrangement shown in Figures 5and t5 Will be utilized. The elements are shown in 'iront Without thenozzles T being provided with their sleeves, and the latter are screwedon the scrcwthreaded portion ol the said nozzles by introducing thesleeves if from the back oit the collector.

ln the case of certain radiators arranged at the back in some types otcars, the cooling elements cannot be Withdrawn except in a `directionparallel to the collector; the arrangement shown in Figure 6 is thenad10pted. 'llie nozzle l is arranged in this case parallel to thecollector and provided with a boss 'll' normal to the latter forattachment to the said collector, as in the case of Figure 5.

ln the arrangement sho'vvnin Figure 7, the locking ot the elements canbe effected from the 'front of the radiator. The joints are arranged aty" and j. The bottom of the socketv ll has a rod F Vwhich passes throughthe sleeve A and the nozzle T, and s screwthreaded at the front end; thelocking is el'lected by the tightening of the nut C at the iront oit theelement.

lt will be readily understood that the various methodsl of mountingdescribed in the foregoing, are applicable to cooling` devices ot anyenginesywhether stationary or mounted on any Vehicle, as Well as to anytemperature exchange devices of Whatever kind, for

instance to domestic radiators. They are also particularly applicable tobath heaters.

lt Will be possible, with the various ai rangements above described, toVary at Will the radiating surface to suit the surrounding temperature.lt is possible for instance to shut off according to the season, one,two or more elements by closing the sockets or the purpose. r

l claim- 1. A radiator construction, comprisii'ig upper and lowerheaders; a series of detachable radiator elements arranged in nestedparallel relation, each pair ot adjoining eleniente being spaced apartto enable the passage of air therebetv-een; and a vertical collectorembodying non-cominunicating upper and lower parte, one connected to theupper header and the other to the lower header; 'each radiator elementcommunicating with both collector parts.

Q. A radiator co struction comprising upper and lower headers; acollector embodying non communicating upper and. lower parts connectedto the corresponding headers; a series oit radiator elements ar rangedin spaced, parallel relation to eri-- able the passage of air betweenthem; each said element consisting of a flattened tube detachablyconnected at its upper portion with the upper collector part and at itslower portion With the lower collector part and communicating Withopenings in said collector parte at its points of connection thereto;and means for blocking the openings corresponding to any individualradiator element.

A radiator construction according to claim 2, in which theJ severalradiator elements take the torni oi' concentric circles.

JEAN EAFTRSTE DllllNlQUE LN CHARDARD.

Witnesses:

BRUGNELL, Cms. P. Pimssnr.

